Background: Incidence of significant bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in babies born <32 weeks is one of the quality indicators of neonatal care in premature babies in United Kingdom. National Neonatal Audit Programme in United Kingdom defines significant BPD as need for supplemental oxygen or respiratory support at 36 weeks corrected gestation in babies born <32 weeks. Objective: The main objective of this study was to observe trend of rates of significant BPD and survivals in babies born at <32 weeks, at St. George’s Hospital NHS trust, a tertiary Neonatal Surgical Centre in United Kingdom. To determine which gestation category (23-25+6, 26-28+6, 29-31+6) had the significant change in incidence of significant BPD. To compare rates of significant BPD in babies who were transferred to local hospital before 36 weeks against to babies who were still at the St. Georges Hospital at 36 weeks corrected gestation. Methods: It was retrospective cohort study reviewing babies born at <32 weeks gestation at St. George’s Hospital NHS foundation trust. The data was collected from electronic neonatal database. We collected information about total number of live births <32 weeks, survival, babies with significant BPD, incidence of significant BPD in babies who were transferred to local unit prior to 36 weeks corrected gestation. Babies were transferred Ex-Utero to St. George’s Neonatal unit were excluded from the study. Results: The results indicated that in the middle of 2010-2018 there were 727 live births <32 weeks gestation at St. George’s Hospital NHS trust. Average incidence of BPD over nine years was observed to be 42%. Incidence of BPD was observed to be increasing from 29% in 2010 to 51% in 2018. We observed increased BPD rates in gestational group (26-28+6 (33% in 2010 to 44% in 2018) and gestational group 29-31+6 (19% in 2010 - 24% in 2018). Conclusions: Rates of significant BPD in babies born <32 weeks at St. George’s Hospital NHS trust have risen over last nine years. Increase in rates was observed in gestational age group 26-28+6 and 29-31+6. Variability in weaning of non-invasive respiratory support may be contributory to rising trends in significant BPD rates.

Dengue is of great concern in various parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti can be found. The most common form of transmission occurs through the bite of infected mosquitos – however there are other rare forms of transmission, the vertical is reported on this case. This case is about a newborn (four-days) that arrived at the ER with jaundice, fever and dehydration – which led to an initial diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The laboratory analysis revealed leukopenia and severe low platelets count (8,000) and the mother presented with fever and cutaneous rash peripartum. The serological tests were collected, Dengue IgM of the mother and the newborn were positives and rapid test NS1 of the newborn was also positive, which suggested the vertical transmission of the virus. There are only a few reported cases of a vertical transmission of the Dengue virus on the literature. The immunopathogenesis is not completely known, however it’s been observed that the vertical transmission of the virus is easier to occur if the mother acquired the disease close to the delivery. The most common symptoms on the newborn are fever and thrombocytopenia, while hemorrhagic complications are unlikely to occur despite the high incidence of severe low platelets count. This report objective is to present the possibility of vertical dengue infection to the pediatricians, so that early management can be instituted.

Korexenidou Magdalini has completed her studies in Medical School of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2005 and in 2014 Acquired Medical Specialty in Pediatrics after training as a Resident in Penteli Children’s Hospital in Athens. She has worked as a Consultant in the Pediatrics Department of Kozani’s General Hospital and Lamia’s General Hospital, where is also her current position. She has been regular Speaker at Greece’s National Conferences for the last decade.

Background: Over the last years a measles outbreak has been escalating at an international level due to lack of vaccination,being a severe hazard in public health and resulting in severe complications especially from the central nervous and the respiratory system.This study describes the characteristics and severe complications of patients with measles that required admission in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Retrospective study of medical records from our PICU during one year of the disease outbreak (2017-2018). Results: The results indicated that during this period nine patients were admitted with median age 18 months (seven months-three years old). Six/nine males (66%) with median length of stay four days. The vast majority of these patients (eight/nine) belonged to a specific population group (Roma). Seven/nine patients were totally unvaccinated, one with medical history of Tay-Sachs disease and in one case there was co-infection with Leishmania for which received additional treatment with amphotericin-B. All of them presented with high fever (average duration five days) with the characteristic rash, positive PCR and markedly increased inflammation markers-median CRP 78.5 mg/l (max 413) and PCT 2 ng/l (max 78). The main complications were encephalitis (2/9) and respiratory compromise (7/9) with respiratory distress and hypoxaemia. There was no ARDS but pneumonia in 3/7, laryngitis in 2/7 and air leak in 1/7.3 patients required mechanical ventilation (average four days) and four patients presented with hemodynamic instability requiring inotropes/vasopressors.The outcome was full recovery except long-term neurological sequelae in one patient and one death due to respiratory complications. Conclusions: Measles is still considered a very serious viral infection with severe or fatal outcomes.The primary prevention via vaccination is still considered the cornerstone to avoid serious complications.

Parnian Poursafa is a student of Biology in the University of Isfahan. She is interested to research studies, and is collaborating with projects related to genetic background of chronic diseases.

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the tendency to lose weight (TLW) and its methods in Iranian children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study 14800 students, aged seven–18 years, were selected via multistage cluster random sampling method. The dietary and physical activity habits and TLW as well as psychosocial health status, anxiety, self-satisfaction, and change in dietary behaviors were assessed by the global school-based student health survey (WHO-GSHS) questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing TLW. Overall, 14274 students (participation rate of 99%), consisting of 51% boys and 71.4% urban residents, completed the study. Of them, 37.7% (51.4% Girls and 48.6% boys) tended to lose weight. In multivariate model, the odds for TLW was 12% higher in students aged 13-18 years than those aged six-12 years (OR= 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.23; P<0.001). Students with high anxiety level were 43% more likely to have TLW (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.59; P<0.001). The odds of increasing physical activity for weight loss was 22% lower in obese than in normal weight students (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.93; P <0.001). TLW was significantly higher in girls, as well as in those with higher anxiety level. In addition to dietary change, increasing physical activity should be encouraged among children and adolescents with excess weight. Public education regarding proper lifestyle change for reaching healthy weight should be underscored.